This paper presents two formation tracking control strategies for a combined set of single and double integrator agents with an arbitrary undirected communication topology. The first approach is based on the design of distance-based potential functions with interagent collision avoidance using local information about the distance and orientation between agents and the desired trajectory. The second approach adds signed area constraints to the desired formation specification and a control strategy that uses distance as well as area terms is designed to (...) achieve tracking convergence. Numerical simulations show the performance from both control laws. (shrink)

We present the idea of searching for X-rays as a signature of the mechanism inducing the spontaneous collapse of the wave function. Such a signal is predicted by the continuous spontaneous localization theories, which are solving the “measurement problem” by modifying the Schrödinger equation. We will show some encouraging preliminary results and discuss future plans and strategy.

We present an experimental test of the validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons based on the concept put forward a few years ago by Ramberg and Snow. In this experiment we perform a very accurate search of X-rays from the Pauli-forbidden atomic transitions of electrons in the already filled 1S shells of copper atoms. Although the experiment has a simple structure, it poses deep conceptual and interpretational problems. Here we describe the experimental method and recent experimental results, which (...) we interpret as an upper limit for the probability to violate the Pauli Exclusion Principle. We present also future plans to upgrade the experimental apparatus using Silicon Drift Detectors. (shrink)

In this paper we describe an experimental test of the validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (for electrons) which is based on a straightforward idea put forward a few years ago by Ramberg and Snow (Phys. Lett. B 238:438, 1990). We perform a very accurate search of X-rays from the Pauli-forbidden atomic transitions of electrons in the already filled 1S shells of copper atoms. Although the experiment has a very simple structure, it poses deep conceptual and interpretational problems. Here we (...) describe the experimental method and recent experimental results, which we interpret in the framework of quon theory. We also present future plans to upgrade the experimental apparatus using Silicon Drift Detectors. (shrink)

Nietzsche e seu olhar sobre os estabelecimentos de ensino alemães como reflexo da cultura moderna Resumo: O artigo desenvolve um panorama no que tange às instituições de ensino alemãs sob a visão de Friedrich Nietzsche. Para tanto, inicialmente é realizado o balanço crítico dos estabelecimentos ginasial, técnico e universitário de modo a atribuí-los ao problema da degenerescência cultural sofrida a partir do processo das reformas econômica e política na Alemanha do século XIX. Em complemento a essa investigação, serão tratados os (...) assuntos do filisteu da cultura e das considerações do jovem pensador acerca do Estado e da cultura grega, segundo ele, entendida como o melhor meio de ilustrar o sentido de força [Kraft] e vitalidade [Vitalität]. Por fim, a pesquisa apresenta, na postura de Arthur Schopenhauer, a referência de combate ao filisteísmo e de resistência contra os valores do estilo de vida moderna. Palavras-chave: Cultura; Estado; Filisteus; Nietzsche; Schopenhauer. Nietzsche and his point of view about the Germany educational system while reflectof the modern culture Abstract: The article develops an overview regarding to German educational institutions under the vision of Friedrich Nietzsche. To this end, the critical assessment of junior high, technical and university establishments is initially carried out in order to attribute them to the problem of cultural degeneration suffered from the process of economic and political reforms in 19th century Germany. In addition to this investigation, the subjects of the Philistine culture and young thinker considerations about the state and the Greek culture will be treated, according to him, understood as the best way to illustrate the sense of force [Kraft] and vitality [Vitalität]. Ultimately, research presents, in Arthur Schopenhauer's stance, the reference to combat philistineism and resistance to the values of modern lifestyle. Keyword: Culture; State; Philistines; Nietzsche; Schopenhauer. Nietzsche et son regard sur les établissements d’enseignement allemands comme reflet de la culture moderne Resumé: L'article développe une vue d'ensemble des institutions éducatives allemandes selon la vision de Friedrich Nietzsche. À ce titre, un bilan critique est d'abord fait des établissements du secondaire, des établissements techniques et universitaires afin de les rattacher au problème de la dégénérescence culturelle subie par le processus de réformes économiques et politiques dans l'Allemagne du XIXe siècle. En complément de cette recherche, seront traités les sujets du philistin de la culture et les considérations du jeune penseur sur l'Etat et la culture grecque, qui selon lui, est comprise comme la meilleure façon d'illustrer le sens de la force [Kraft] et de la vitalité [Vitalität]. Enfin, la recherche présente, dans la posture d'Arthur Schopenhauer, la référence de la lutte contre le philistinisme et la résistance aux valeurs du mode de vie moderne. Mots Clé: Culture; Éta; Philistin; Nietzsche; Schopenhauer. Data de registro: 19/12/2020 Data de aceite: 1º/12/2021. (shrink)

A Sociologia é reintroduzida em nível nacional nos currículos escolares em 2008, o que tem fomentado a discussão em torno do seu ensino na Educação Básica, contudo, as realidades regionais são bastante diversas, e em alguns estados a introdução de seu anteriormente, como no caso de Alagoas que examinamos aqui. Realizamos uma análise considerando alguns eixos principais: a) a institucionalização das Ciências Sociais em Alagoas; b) a introdução da Sociologia no processo seletivo para o ingresso na Universidade Federal de Alagoas; (...) c) o currículo de Sociologia na rede estadual de ensino; d) as mudanças recentes na formação de professores de Sociologia. Almejamos com isso realizar um balanço necessário para a compreensão da dinâmica do Ensino desta ciência neste estado, entendida aqui não como um processo linear, mas sim contraditório, marcado por avanços e retrocessos. (shrink)

To what extent do early intuitions about ownership depend on cultural and socio-economic circumstances? We investigated the question by testing reasoning about third party ownership conflicts in various groups of three- and five-year-old children (N = 176), growing up in seven highly contrasted social, economic, and cultural circumstances (urban rich, poor, very poor, rural poor, and traditional) spanning three continents. Each child was presented with a series of scripts involving two identical dolls fighting over an object of possession. The child (...) had to decide who of the two dolls should own the object. Each script enacted various potential reasons for attributing ownership: creation, familiarity, first contact, equity, plus a control/neutral condition with no suggested reasons. Results show that across cultures, children are significantly more consistent and decisive in attributing ownership when one of the protagonists created the object. Development between three and five years is more or less pronounced depending on culture. The propensity to split the object in equal halves whenever possible was generally higher at certain locations (i.e., China) and quasi-inexistent in others (i.e., Vanuatu and street children of Recife). Overall, creation reasons appear to be more primordial and stable across cultures than familiarity, relative wealth or first contact. This trend does not correlate with the passing of false belief theory of mind. (shrink)

Entre a morte de Teofrasto (287 a.C) e a invasão de Atenas pelos romanos, os escritos de Aristóteles saíram de circulação e assim permaneceram por mais de dois séculos, até serem editados por Andrônico de Rodes, em torno do ano 40 a.C. No que diz respeito à transmissão dos escritos de Aristóteles, as fontes históricas se resumem a duas passagens: uma de Estrabão; e a outra de Plutarco. No entanto, para podermos aprofundar a análise da história da transmissão dos livros (...) de Aristóteles cabe decompô-la em três fases. A fase inicial tem curso quando Aristóteles em seu testamento lega sua biblioteca a Teofrasto. Este por sua vez, deixa com sua morte ‘todos os livros’ – os seus e também os de Aristóteles – a Neleu, que os levou para sua cidade natal, Escepsis, situada na Tróade. A fase intermediária tem lugar quando os herdeiros de Neleu resolveram guardar para si os inestimáveis manuscritos, enterrando-os por temerem que os Atálidas deles se apossassem. Assim ocultos, permaneceram por quase duzentos anos, sofrendo a ação destrutiva da umidade e do mofo, até serem adquirido pelo bibliófilo Apelicon de Teos, em torno do ano 90 D.C., que os transportou para Atenas. A última etapa da transmissão começa com a observação de que seus livros não ficaram por muito tempo em Atenas, uma vez que em 86 a.C., Sila invadiu esta cidade e, entre outras coisas, confiscou os livros que se encontravam na casa de Apelicon e sob suas ordens foram transportados para Roma, onde foram postos sob custódia de uma biblioteca pública, sobre os quais o público não tinha acesso. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo busca colocar a filosofia de David Hume diante de algumas teorias contemporâneas a respeito do tema das razões para agir ou motivantes. Há certa dificuldade em se afirmar que Hume aborda as razões motivantes, um conceito contemporâneo voltado a explicar aquilo que efetivamente impele um agente e referente ao lugar do desejo e da crença. Há dois grupos, intitulados respectivamente como humeanos e não-humeanos, de modo que para o primeiro, supostamente mais alinhado a Hume, o desejo tem (...) lugar garantido e até certa primazia na motivação para o ato e a crença um papel limitado. Já para o segundo, o desejo não é sempre fundamental para motivar as ações e a crença pode tomar a dianteira nesse aspecto. Apesar do desafio de se colocar o próprio Hume junto a esses debatedores que orbitam sobre seu pensamento, é possível aproximar tais intelectuais no intuito de se investigar se Hume não teria uma perspectiva sobre as razões motivantes, quando ele reflete sobre a ação humana ao tratar das paixões, da crença e da razão. Esta investigação também contribui para se ampliar a compreensão a respeito das considerações de Hume sobre o uso do intelecto na esfera prática. Palavras-chave: Desejo; Crença; Razão; Ação; Motivação; Disposição Hume and the contemporary debate about motivating reasons Abstract: This paper aims to compare David Humes’s philosophy with some contemporary theories about reasons for action or motivating reasons. It is hard to claim that Hume uses the idea of motivating reasons, a concept about the explanation of what makes someone act and what is the function of desire and belief. There are nowadays two groups we highlight. First, Humeans are those who supposedly are closer to the own philosophy of Hume and think that desire has a primary place and belief a limited role when we think about motivating reasons. Second, the Non-Humeans think that desire is not necessary the basis of action, and belief is sufficient to convince the agent. Despite the issue of taking Hume’s thoughts close to those who developed their theories around the modern philosopher, it is possible to create a bridge among them to check if he does not have a perspective about motivating reasons when he investigates human actions focusing on the concepts of passion, belief, and reason. That paper can also contribute to showing what Hume thinks about using intellect in the practical dimension. Keywords: Desire; Belief; Reason; Action; Motivation; Disposition Hume et le débat contemporain sur les raisons motivantes Résumé: Dans cet article nous comparons la philosophie de David Humes avec certaines théories contemporaines sur les raisons d'agir ou les raisons motivantes. Il est difficile de prétendre si Hume utilise l'idée de raisons motivantes, un concept sur l'explication de ce qui fait agir quelqu'un et qui est la fonction du désir et de la croyance. Il y a aujourd'hui deux groupes que on met en évidence. Les huméens sont ceux qui sont censés être plus proches de la propre philosophie de Hume et pensent que le désir a une place primordiale et la croyance un rôle limité lorsque nous pensons aux raisons motivantes. Les non-humiens pensent que le désir n'est pas nécessairement la base de l'action et que la croyance suffit à convaincre l'agent. Malgré la question de rapprocher les pensées de Hume de ceux qui ont développé leurs théories autour du philosophe moderne, il est possible de créer un pont entre eux pour vérifier s'il n'a pas une perspective sur les raisons motivantes lorsqu'il enquête sur les actions humaines en se concentrant sur les concepts de la passion, la croyance et la raison. Cet article peut également contribuer à montrer ce que pense Hume de l'utilisation de l'intellect dans la dimension pratique. Mots-clés: Désire; Croyance; Raison; Action; Motivation; Disposition Data de registro: 08/08/2022 Data de aceite: 13/12/2022. (shrink)

A comunidade dos amantes: anacronismo e aforismo em questão em Blanchot e Derrida Resumo: A reflexão sobre o pensamento da “comunidade”, especificamente no séc. XX e, em especial, por pensadores franceses, é tema de diversas obras. Em torno dessa temática, pensadores como Bataille, Deleuze, Foucault, Blanchot, Jean-Luc Nancy e Derrida deram importantes contribuições. Apesar de Derrida recusar a noção de comunidade colocando em seu lugar a noção de coletividade, as concepções que fundamentam uma experiência de comunidade/coletividade são próximas: alteridade; différance; (...) escritura; acontecimento e presença de uma ausência. Nesse contexto, a possibilidade de uma interseção entre esses conceitos, a partir da obras de Blanchot e Derrida, permite pensar a experiência da comunidade em sua relação com a escritura. Palavras-chave: Comunidade; Coletividade; Escritura; Alteridade; Acontecimento. The lovers community: anachronism and aphorism in question in Blanchot and Derrida Abstract: The reflection about the thought of “community”, specifically in the XX century and, specially, by French thinkers, is the theme of many works. Around this theme, thinkers/intellectuals like Bataille, Deleuze, Foucault, Blanchot, Jean-Luc Nancy and Derrida gave important contributions. Despite Derrida's refusal of the notion of community putting in its place the notion of collectivity, the conceptions that ground an experience of community/collectivity are close: otherness; differance; writing; event and absent presence. In this context, the possibility of an intersection between these concepts, starting from the works of Blanchot and Derrida, allows to think the experience of community in its relation to the writing. Keywords: Community; Collectivity; Writing; Otherness; Event. La communauté des amoureux : anacronisme et aphorisme en question chez Blanchot et Derrida Résumé: La réflexion sur la pensée de la “communauté”, spécifiquement au XXe siècle, et particulièrement par les penseurs français, fait l’objet de plusieurs travaux. Autour de ce thème, des penseurs tels que Bataille, Deleuze, Foucault, Blanchot, Jean-Luc Nancy et Derrida ont apporté d'importantes contributions. Bien que Derrida rejette la notion de communauté, en la remplaçant par la notion de collectivité, les conceptions qui fondent une expérience communauté/collectivité sont proches : altérité ; la différance ; écriture ; événement et présence d'une absence. Dans ce contexte, la possibilité d'une intersection de ces concepts, basée sur les travaux de Blanchot et de Derrida, permet de réfléchir à l'expérience de la communauté dans sa relation avec l'écriture. Mots-clés: Communauté ; Collectivité ; Écriture ; Altérité ; Événement. Data de registro: 21/11/2019 Data de aceite: 08/12/2020. (shrink)

Tomás de Aquino define a alma humana de maneira semelhante a Aristóteles: ela é a forma substancial do corpo humano potencialmente vivo. Todavia, um dos problemas da psicologia tomista consiste, de acordo com D. Abel, em classificar a alma humana por meio de termos comumente utilizados para nomear os compostos hilemórficos, a saber, substância e hoc aliquid. Se a alma humana é parte de um composto, como poderia ser chamada de substância e de hoc aliquid? O objetivo deste artigo consiste (...) em mostrar qual é a estratégia subjacente a esta classificação utilizada por Tomás. Sugerimos que ela remonta a Aristóteles quando ele atribui diferentes significados aos termos substância e hoc aliquid. A novidade de Tomás está em expandir este campo semântico, introduzindo um significado que se aplica exclusivamente à alma humana, a saber, o sentido peculiar. (shrink)

Resumo: Esta é a tradução do texto “L’amplification dans les processus d’information”, conferência ministrada por Gilbert Simondon em 1962, no Colloque de Royaumont sobre “o conceito de informação na ciência contemporânea. Aqui Simondon apresenta, e correlaciona, três “níveis do processo informacional de amplificação”: a amplificação transdutiva “por recrutamento positivo”; a amplificação moduladora “por limitação”; e a amplificação organizadora “por descoberta de um sistema de compatibilidade”. Para cada um dos três níveis, Simondon apresenta exemplos dos mundos físico, vivo, técnico e psicossocial.: (...) This is a Portuguese translation of the paper “L’amplification dans les processus d’information”, presented by Gilbert Simondon in 1962, at the Colloque de Royaumont about “the concept of information in contemporary science”. In this paper, Simondon presents, and correlates, three “levels of the informational process of amplification”: transductive amplification “by positive recruiting”; modulative amplification “by limitation”; and organizing amplification “by discovery of a system of compatibility”. For each one of the three levels, Simondon presents examples of the physical, living, technical and psycho-social worlds. (shrink)

This article analyses the role of sacred and religious art in Amazonia in the context of the catholic renovation movement of the 19th century, known as Catholic Reform. For that, it takes the order of the main altar of Our Lady of Belém by Pará’s Bishop Antônio de Macedo Costa to Italian architect Luca Carimini as its study object. This piece, along with others made throughout the period of Pio IX’s pontificate, constitutes an iconological programme as well as an artistic (...) and sacred narrative body, which testify to the pedagogical and political debates on the history of Roman Catholicism in Brazil in the 19th century. Besides that, it moves artists that acted under the patronage of Pope Pius IX in Latin American cities such as Santiago, in Chile, and Belém do Pará, in Brazil, putting in evidence the artistic, intellectual and religious connections between the Vatican and South America, as part of an international renewal movement of Catholicism. (shrink)

Book Reviewed in this article: Israel's Prophetic Tradition: Essays in honour of Peter R. Ackroyd. Edited by Richard Coggins, Anthony Phillips and Michael Knibb, Pp.xxi, 272. Cambridge University Press, 1982, £21.00. Essays on John. By C.K. Barrett. Pp.viii, 167, London, SPCK, 1982, £10.50. The Letter to the Colossians. By Eduard Schweizer, translated by Andrew Chester. Pp.319, London, SPCK, 1982, £12.50. Foundational Theology: Jesus and the Church. By Francis Schüssler Fiorenza. Pp.xix, 326, New York Crossroad, 1984, $22.50. The Darkness of God: (...) Theology after Hiroshima. By Jim Garrison. Pp.x, 238, London, SCM Press, 1982, £5.95. Discerning the Mystery, An Essay on the Nature of neology. By Andrew Louth. Pp.xiv, 150, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1983, £12.50. The Tao and the Daimon: Segments of a Religious Inquiry. By Robert C. Neville. Pp.xv, 281, Albany, New York, State University of New York Press, 1982, $34.50 ), $11.95. Person and Myth: Maurice Leenhardt in the Melanesian World. By James Clifford. Pp.xi, 270, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1982, £21.50. Transcendence and the Sacred. Edited by A.M. Olson and L.S. Rouner. Pp.xv, 230, University of Notre Dame Press, 1981, £10.75. A History of Religious Ideas. Vol. 2: From Gautama Buddha to the Triumph of Christianity. By Mircea Eliade. Translated by William R. Trask. Pp.xi, 565, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1982, £17.50. Ordeal by Labyrinth: Conversations with Claude‐Henri Racquet. By Mircea Eliade. Translated by Derek Coltman. Pp.ix, 225, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1982, £12.55. Religious Philosophy of Prince‐Bishop Njegosh of Montenegro. By Zika Rad. Prvulovich. Pp.xviii, 273, Birmingham, The Author, 1984, £12.50, £10.50. The Home of Meaning: The Hermeneutics of the Subject of Paul Ricoeur. By John W. Van Dengel. Pp.xxi, 333, Washington, D.C., University Press of America, 1982, $24.50, $13.25. Life Forms and Meaning Stucture. By Alfred Schutz, translated, introduced and annotated by Helmut Wagner. Pp.vi, 217, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982, £11.95. The Shaping of Man: Philosophical Aspects of Sociobiology. By Roger Trigg. Pp.xx, 186. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1982, £12.50, £5.95. Marx and Marxisms: Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series, 14. Edited by G.H.R. Parkinson. Pp.vi, 268, Cambridge University Press, 1982, £9.95. Marx and Justice: The Radical Critique of Liberalism. By Allen E. Buchanan. Pp.xiv, 206, London, Methuen, 1982, £12.95. Israel Satanter: Text, Structure, Idea. By Hillel Goldberg. Pp.xvii, 358, New York, Ktav, 1981, $17.50. Freud on Femininity and Faith. By Judith Van Herik. Pp.xiii, 216, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1982, £17.50. Women, Reason and Nature. By Carol McMillan. Pp.x, 165, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1982, £12.50. Supererogation: Its Status in Ethical Theory. By David Heyd. Pp.vii, 191, Cambridge University Press, 1982, £14.00. The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy. Edited by Norman Kretzmann, Anthony Kenny and Jan Finborg. Pp.xi, 1035, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982, £40.00. St Thomas Aquinas. By Ralph McInerny. Pp.197, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Press, 1982, £4.50. Yves de Vallone: The Making of an Esprit‐Fort. By James O'Higgins, S.J. Pp.viii, 248, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1982, $35.00. Religion and National Identity. Edited by Stuart Mews. Pp.xvi, 618, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1982, £19.50. Mortmain Legislation and the English Church, 1279–1500. By Sandra Raban. Pp.xii, 215,, Cambridge University Press, 1982, £25.00. John XXIII, Pope of the Council. By Peter Hebblethwaite. Pp.viii, 550, London, Geoffrey Chapman, 1984, £14.95.iCompiled by J.F. Púglisi and S.J. Voicu. Pp.260, Rome, Centro Pro Unione, 1984, $20.00. Ireland: A Bibliography of Material held at St Deiniol's Library. Compiled by Helen C. Price. Pp.iv, 136, Hawarden, St Deiniol's, 1984, £2.50. The Later Poems, 1972–1982. By R.S. Thomas. Pp.224, London, Macmillan, 1984, £4.95. (shrink)

A mais recente biografia do imperador D. Pedro I do Brasil e rei D. Pedro IV de Por­tugal começa por ser uma obra de divulgação, destinada a um público alargado de leitores inte­ressados e informados, mas não especialistas – é esse o espírito da colecção Perfis Brasileiros, da editora Companhia das Letras, em que se integra. Contudo, é, mais do que isso, um trabalho que abre as portas a uma nova maneira de ver, pelo menos do ponto de vista da (...) historiografia deste lado do Atlântico, a figura d... (shrink)

Diversos filósofos e matemáticos contemporâneos admitem que existe uma vertente da filosofia matemática denominada “Platonismo”, segundo a qual, em síntese, os entes matemáticos – números, pontos, retas, planos, _etc_. – são coisas que existem no mundo independentemente de nós. Na literatura especializada é recorrente a compreensão de que essa tese filosófica tem origem na teoria das formas de Platão. Entretanto, a assertiva de que os entes matemáticos existem em si mesmos não é encontrada na filosofia desse filósofo ateniense, observada a (...) passagem 509d, e seguintes, do seu diálogo _A_ _República._ Na verdade, segundo o pensamento matemático de Platão os entes matemáticos possuem um valor intermediário, como mostramos nas seções a seguir ao “reconstruirmos” o seu raciocínio da “linha dividida”, segundo os trechos da _República_: (1) _Livro V_: 477a-b, 477e, 478b, 478c, 478d; (2) _Livro VI_: 509d-e, 510a, 510b, 510c-d, 510e, 511a, 511 a-b, 511d, 511e; (3) _Livro VII_: 533 b-c, 534a. (shrink)

O presente ensaio inspirado na semiologia barthesiana tem por objetivo tematizar alguns desafios implicados no gesto aparentemente extemporâneo de escutar a escrita materializada no curso foucaultiano A Hermenêutica do sujeito. Trata-se de um exercício especulativo que, situando a educação no contexto das artes de viver, aborda o interesse crescente nas aulas ministradas por Foucault dedicadas à genealogia do sujeito implicada nas técnicas de si. Nesse percurso, defendemos que a atenção à escuta da voz que vem da escrita dessas aulas interfere (...) diretamente na recepção crítica da ética do cuidado de si. No limite, o que se busca enfatizar é como o tema do cuidado de si emerge inseparável de um gesto pedagógico que resulta de um estado singular de enunciação do pensamento. Palavras-chave: Hermenêutica do sujeito; Foucault; Artes de viver; Aula. For a pleasurable semiology of Hermeneutics of the Subject Abstract: The present essay, inspired by Barthesian semiology, aims to discuss some of the challenges involved in the apparently extemporaneous gesture of listening to the writing materialized in the Foucauldian course The Hermeneutics of the Subject. This is a speculative exercise that, placing education in the context of the arts of living, addresses the growing interest in the classes taught by Foucault dedicated to the genealogy of the subject implicated in the techniques of the self. In this course, we argue that attention to listening to the voice that comes from the writing of these classes interferes directly in the critical reception of the ethics of the care of the self. In the limit, what we seek to emphasize is how the theme of the care of the self emerges inseparable from a pedagogical gesture that results from a singular state of enunciation of thought. Key-words: Hermeneutics of the subject; Foucault; Arts of living; Class. Pour une sémiologie du plaisir de L'Herméneutique du sujet Résumé: Le présent essai, inspiré de la sémiologie barthésienne, vise à thématiser certains des enjeux du geste apparemment extemporané d'écoute de l'écriture matérialisée dans le cours foucaldien L'Herméneutique du sujet. Il s'agit d'un exercice spéculatif qui, plaçant l'éducation dans le contexte des arts de vivre, aborde l'intérêt croissant pour les cours de Foucault consacrés à la généalogie du sujet impliqué dans les techniques du soi. Dans ce parcours, nous soutenons que l'attention portée à l'écoute de la voix qui émane de l'écriture de ces classes interfère directement avec la réception critique de l'éthique du souci de soi. A la limite, ce que nous cherchons à souligner, c'est comment le thème du souci de soi émerge inséparable d'un geste pédagogique qui résulte d'un état singulier d'énonciation de la pensée. Mots-clés: Herméneutique du sujet ; Foucault ; Arts de vivre ; Leçon. Data de registro: 26/06/2022 Data de aceite: 04/11/2022. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Acosta, José de (1539–1600) Alberdi, Juan Bautista (1810–84) Bello, Andrés (1781–1865) Bilbao, Francisco (1823–65) Bolkvar, Simón (1783–1830) Casas, Bartolomé de las (1484–1566) Caso, Antonio (1883–1946) Cruz, Sor Juana Inés de la (1651–95) da Costa, Newton Carneiro Affonso (b. 1929) Dussel, Enrique (b. 1934) Frondizi, Risieri (1910–83) Gaos, José (1900–69) González Prada, Manuel (1848–1918) Gracia, Jorge J. E. (b. 1942) Haya de la Torre, Victor Raúl (1895–1979) Hostos, Eugenio Marka de (1839–1903) Ingenieros, José (1877–1925) Korn, Alejandro (...) (1860–1936) Lastarria, José Victorino (1817–88) Lemos, Miguel (1854–1917) Mariátegui, José Carlos (1895–1930) Martk, José (1853–95) Méndez Sierra, Justo (1848–1912) Mora, José Maria Luis (1794–1850) Miró Quesada, Francisco (b. 1918) Rabossi, Eduardo (1930–2005) Ramos, Samuel (1897–1959) Rodó, José Enrique (1872–1917) Romero, Francisco (1891–1962) Sahagún, Fray Bernardino de (1499–1590) Salazar Bondy, Augusto (1925–74) Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino (1811–88) Ofelia Schutte (b. 1945) Sepslveda, Juan Ginés de (ca. 1494–1573) Torretti, Roberto (b. 1930) Vasconcelos, José (1882–1959) Vaz Ferreira, Carlos (1872–1958) Villoro, Luis (b. 1922) Vitoria, Francisco de (ca. 1483–1546) Zea Aguilar, Leopoldo (1912–2004) Acknowledgment Further Reading. (shrink)

Por ocasião do centenário de nascimento de Paul Ricoeur, a Universidade de Coimbra juntou num mesmo volume um conjunto de estudos académicos em tributo a este pensador. Reuniram-se deste modo comunicações de professores, de novos investigadores e de estudantes de doutoramento em redor de temas que marcaram a receção da obra e do filósofo francês em Coimbra. Cada capítulo do presente livro demonstra a fecundidade de um pensamento que, enraizado na “tradição reflexiva”, assumindo a mensagem das “filosofias da existência”, articulando (...) Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica, adquire, hoje, crescente impacto e relevância. Esta é uma filosofia que promove o diálogo entre disciplinas, autores e culturas e supera divisões teóricas em ordem a enfrentar as exigências da praxis. O desafio da praxis fez assim emergir um pensamento exigente e, simultaneamente, capaz de dialogar com diversas áreas do saber como: a psicoterapia, a história, as neurociências, a bioética, as ciências sociais e os estudos literários. At the occasion of the Paul Ricoeur’s centenary this volume joined in tribute several scholars, young researchers, and Ph.D students around the main themes that marked the reception of the philosopher’s work in Portugal and, especially in the University of Coimbra. Each chapter demonstrates the vigour Ricoeur’s thought as it is rooted in the "reflexive tradition", as it assumed the "existentialist" horizon, as it articulated Phenomenology and Hermeneutics. This philosophical project as, today, an enormous range of influence. This is a project that promotes dialogue between disciplines, authors, and cultures, overcoming theoretical divisions in face the demands of praxis. From this rich and plural inspiration comes the ability to meet with other fields of thought, namely psychotherapy, history, neuroscience, bioethics, social sciences, and literary studies. (shrink)

Background: Since the passage of the Patient Self-Determination Act, numerous policy mandates and institutional measures have been implemented. It is unknown to what extent those measures have affected end-of-life care, particularly with regard to the do-not-resuscitate order.Methods: Retrospective cohort study to assess associations of the frequency and timing of DNR orders with advance directive status, patient demographics, physician’s specialty and extent of documentation of discussion on end-of-life care.Results: DNR orders were more frequent for patients on a medical service than on (...) a surgical service and were made earlier in the hospital stay for medicine than for surgical patients . 22.18% of all patients had some form of an advance directive in their chart, yet this variable had no impact on the frequency or timing of DNR ordering. Documentation of DNR discussion was significantly associated with the frequency of DNR orders and the time from DNR to death .Conclusions: The physician’s specialty continues to have a significant impact on the frequency and timing of DNR orders, while advance directive status still has no measurable impact. Additionally, documentation of end-of-life discussions is significantly associated with varying DNR ordering rates and timing. (shrink)

This research investigates 3- and 5-year-olds' relative fairness in distributing small collections of even or odd numbers of more or less desirable candies, either with an adult experimenter or between two dolls. The authors compare more than 200 children from around the world, growing up in seven highly contrasted cultural and economic contexts, from rich and poor urban areas, to small-scale traditional and rural communities. Across cultures, young children tend to optimize their own gain, not showing many signs of self-sacrifice (...) or generosity. Already by 3 years of age, self-optimizing in distributive justice is based on perspective taking and rudiments of mind reading. By 5 years, overall, children tend to show more fairness in sharing. What varies across cultures is the magnitude of young children's self-interest. More fairness (less self-interest) in distributive justice is evident by children growing up in small-scale urban and traditional societies thought to promote more collective values. (shrink)

A phenomenalist philosophy which employs the Principle of Acquaintance (PA) plus the Principle that what exists are the referents of certain meaningful terms, defined by PA, cannot include either universals or particulars in its ontology, but is limited to instances of universals as constituting the range of ontological existents. Universals must be omitted since they are repeatable and, hence, never wholly presented or contained, whereas the objects of direct acquaintance are wholly and exhaustively presented. Furthermore, no entities beyond characters (qualities (...) and relations) are given in direct acquaintance; hence, particulars, too, must be omitted for the phenomenalist who relies on PA. (shrink)